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Lv 1Grammar expressionBeginner · TOPIK I

-고 있다

-go itda

to be doing

Attaches to a verb stem to show that an action is currently in progress ('-ing'), or that the result of a past action continues to hold (e.g. wearing/holding something).

Form

Attaches to
Verb, Auxiliary

Meanings

  1. 1

    An expression used to state that the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued.

    앞말이 나타내는 행동이 계속 진행됨을 나타내는 표현.

  2. 2

    An expression used to state that the result of the act mentioned in the preceding statement is continued.

    앞말이 나타내는 행동의 결과가 계속됨을 나타내는 표현.

Examples

  • 사진 속에서 우리 가족은 환하게 웃고 있었다.

    In the picture, our family was smiling brightly.

  • 벌써 아침 아홉 시가 넘었는데 승규는 아직도 자고 있다.

    It's already past nine in the morning, but Seunggyu is still sleeping.

  • 네가 먹고 있는 빵이 참 맛있어 보이는데.

    The bread you're eating looks really delicious.

  • 출발했니? 언제쯤 도착할 것 같아? 지금 가고 있으니까 십 분쯤 뒤에 도착할 거야.

    Did you leave? About when do you think you'll arrive? I'm on my way now, so I'll get there in about ten minutes.

  • 나는 눈은 감고 있었지만 아직 잠든 것은 아니었다.

    My eyes were closed, but I hadn't fallen asleep yet.

  • 지수는 양쪽 손에 모두 짐을 들고 있어서 버스 손잡이를 잡기가 어려웠다.

    Jisu had luggage in both hands, so it was hard to hold onto the bus handle.

Examples: 한국어기초사전, CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Don’t confuse with

Forms with a close meaning — a favourite source of wrong answers on TOPIK.

Quick check

  1. 1. What does ‘-고 있다’ mean?

  2. 2. Which form means “to be doing”?