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Lv 6Sentence-final endingAdvanced · TOPIK II

-는가

-neun-ga

(question) — is it...?

A moderately addressee-lowering sentence-final ending used to ask a question about a present fact, or for the speaker to pose a rhetorical question to raise an issue or muse to themselves.

Form

Attaches to
Verb, Adjective, 이다, Auxiliary
Other shapes
-ㄴ가 · -은가

Meanings

  1. 1

    (formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending referring to a question about a fact of the present.

    (예사 낮춤으로) 현재의 사실에 대한 물음을 나타내는 종결 어미.

  2. 2

    A sentence-final ending used when the speaker is asking himself/herself or assuming something.

    말하는 사람이 스스로에게 묻거나 추측할 때 쓰는 종결 어미.

    ※ 주로 ‘-는가 하다’, ‘-는가 싶다’, ‘-는가 보다’로 쓴다.

Examples

  • 지수가 열이 심하다던데 좀 어때요?

    I heard Jisu has a high fever — how is she doing?

  • 좀 나아지는가 싶으면 열이 또 오르고 그래서 걱정이에요.

    Just when it seems like she's getting better, her fever goes back up, so I'm worried.

  • 내가 여기서 무얼 하고 있는가.

    What am I even doing here.

  • 머뭇거리는 걸 보니 자신이 없는가 보구나.

    Seeing you hesitate, I guess you're not confident.

  • 나는 그가 왜 그냥 갔는가 하며 궁금해했다.

    I wondered why he had just left like that.

  • 오래 기다렸는가?

    Have you been waiting long?

Examples: 한국어기초사전, CC BY-SA 2.0 KR.

Don’t confuse with

Forms with a close meaning — a favourite source of wrong answers on TOPIK.

Quick check

  1. 1. What does ‘-는가’ mean?

  2. 2. Which form means “(question) — is it...?”?